Justification means for typographical machines



.Oct. 21,- 1930. s. E. SPERRY JUSTIFICATION MEANS FOR TYPOGRAPHICALMACHINES Filed Aug. 51, 1929 V 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 s 4 J 5 a 13 J8 r I] I III I 4 g a 2] "g 10 T I I a K ununmlnlillllh l I .9 49 I g 20 INVEN TOR.

jama e/ en Wfl I ATTORNEY) Oct. 21, 1930.

3. E. SPERRY 1,779,340

JUSTIFICATION MEANS FOR TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINES Filed Aug. 31, 1929 2Sheets-Sheet 2 W/ 1 Mi M imimiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiliiiiiifiiiii I I IN V ENTOR. Jamue 6. 5,69

ATTORNEY Patented Oct 21, 1936 j I 9 uni-rs srns PATENroFFicB SAMUEL n.srnnnx, or noLLIs, NEW YonK, ASSIGNOR TO INTERTYPE CORPORATION,

on NEW some, N. Y., A ooaronATroN on NEW YORK I UsrInIoerioN MieANs nonTYPOGRAPHICAL MAoHrNns ,A p n anon filed au ustsi, 1929. Serial No.389,767.

The present invention relates to typoresult in eight pounds pressureapplied to graphical machines of the general class diseachspacebandwedge in the former line and closed in Letters Patent of the U.S. No. forty pounds to each wedge in the latter line. 436,532 grantedSept. 16, 1890, to O. Mer- In a line containing ten spacebands,howgenthaler wherein circulating matrices are ever, the applied force ofeight pounds per released from a magazine and then comspaceband forjustifying is only partially posed in aIline, the line transferred intoa efiective because of the friction between the vertically movablefirstelevator" or matrix spaceband wedge and sleeve members andinsupporting member which carries the linesuch a'line, the total frictionis obviously ten 10 downward between two jaws which act as times that ina line having only one spacestops to fix the length of'the line, afterband-so that the total force applied must nec- Vwhich the line isjustified or expanded endessarily be quite large to overcome friction.wise by driving upwardly the spaceband A line containing only one or twospacewedges between the words, whereupon the bands is thereforesubjected toamuch greater line is presented before a mold which is thenendwise expansion pressure when the spacefilled with molten metal tocast a type-bearband wedges are driven up than a line coning slug, thematrix line being thereafter taining a larger number of spacebandsbecarried awayfrom the mold and the matrices cause the total frictionbetween the wedge returned through a distributing mechanism and sleeveof one ortwo spacebands is so to their proper channels in the magazine.small that a large part of the total applied 70 In composing thematrices int-o lines in pressure effective in expanding the line.machines of this class, it is usual to use a This excessive expansionpressure sometimes spaceband or thin steel wedge between the bends thespacebands and it also tends to words, and to effect justification ofthe line spread the vise jaws between which the line between the visejaws before the cast takes is held as well as to spring the entire vise75 place, the long wedges of the spacebands are frame, and this resultsin variations in the driven upwardly by a justification bar so length ofthe line of characters cast on the that all lines, regardless of whetherthey are type bar. Suchvariations are common in exactly composed to the'same'length, will printed matter; they beingparticularly' no- 7 appearofthe same'lengthon the slug cast ticeable in vertical ruleor tabularmatter 80 from the linesfor thereason that the wedges V wherein *erticalrule lines comprise a-series of the spacebands will move upwardly whenof short. vertical lines which should butt todriven by the bar until therespective line getlier end to end without appearing stagvbecomestightly spread out'to exactly fillthegeredn This objectionable conditionis well space between the vise jaWS W C a P known in the printing artand many attempts 85 3 Set p d m d distance apart have been made tocorrect it without success.

u hl ni? p ?y t The object of the present invention is to drlve theSPa{GebaI ldS comprlses 31 501151 cross provide a justificationmechanism for mamembef carnedplvotauy on the Pee ends chines ofthe'class described for automaticalof twostoutrods, the'power for drving the 1y applying approximately the same driving bar upwarillybemg Pg fi f 8 pressure on the wedges of the spacebands in a few bands arepresent or of the positions the form of construction, a composed line of5 matrices and spacebands in which there are, spacebands p f m w bi forexample ten spacebands will have the furtherpblect 15 9 P lustl sametotal justification pressure applied to x mechamsm 7 eachfipaceband 111the spacebands as a similar line containing, 3 W 1 b substantlally F p jy f example, 1 tw b nd so th t ustified and the pressure applied todrive total force, eighty'xpounds for instance will zthe' spacebandwedges will be entirely inde- 1 B pendent of the pressure whicha-ctuates the justification mechanism.

Vith these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainimprovements and combinations and arrangements of parts as will behereinafter described, various changes and alterations in the exactconstruction shown being contemplated and included within the scope ofthe appended claims.

- In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 represents a vertical section through the casting mechanism of aline casting m2.- chine embodying justification means constructed inaccordance with the present invention Fig. 2 is a top plan view of thejustification bar constructed in accordance with the present invention;

F 8 is a rear perspective view of the improved justification means andthe associated parts of the machine;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the improved ustification bar and acomposed line of matrices, showing the manner in which the justificationbar actuates the spacebands to j ustify the line; and

F 5 represents a vertical section through the justifying mechanism shownin Fig. 4, looking toward the left.

Similar parts are designated by the same reference characters in all ofthe figures.

The justification mechanism herein disclosed is applicable generally totypographical machines of the class wherein matrices and expansiblespacebands or wedges stored in a magazine or other place of storage droptherefrom upon operation of deliverymechanism controlled by manipulationof the keys of a keyboard and the matrices and spacebands are carried toa common assembly point where they are stacked successively into acomposed line which is transferred to the retaining rails or of anelevator which carries the line down into position in front of a moldwhere the line is justified after which metal is injected into the moldto cast a type bar or slug against the line.

In the present instance, wherein the justifying mechanism is -hownapplied to a machine of the class illustrated and described in thepatent hereinbefore referred to, 1 de ates the usual vise frame carried.on shaft 2 fixed in bearings on the forwardly extending arms 3 of theusual machine base the metal pot 5 also being pivotallv cai ied on theshaft 2 whereby the pot canadvance for east and retreat thereafter asthe not cam. not shown, rotates and transmits movement 'to the potthroughthe lever G in a manner well known in machines of this class. Themold wheel 7 as usualis pivotallv carried on an arm projecting from a socalled mold slide so that any desired mold on the wheel may be set forcasting type bars therein as molten metal is pumped from the'pot, all ofwhich is well known to those skilled in the art so that details relatingto their actions and which form no pertinent part of the invention areomitted from the drawings. 8 repre sents the usual spring which actuatesthe justification lever 9 pivoted on the machine frame by the shaft 10,this lever having an arm 9 which carries a roller It which rides on theusual justification cam C.

In composing or assembling a line of matrices, it is customary, as iswell known, to insert expansible spacebands, each comprising a sleeveand a vertically elongated wedge member slidably engaging it, betweenthe words or wherever a space between characters isdesired. A line maytherefore comprise some ten or more spacebands or it may comprise onlyone or two, as for instance, in the case of a short line with only twowords. In either case however, the justif'cation mechanism heretoforeused is such that the entire energy of the justification spring 8 actingupon justification lever 9 to drive it on its justifying stroke will beexerted in forcing the wedges of the spacebands upwardly to expand theline to the full predetermined width between the usual vise jaws 11, 11,Fig. 4. One of the vise jaws, the so-called the constant jaw 11, isusually fixed and is supported against movement by the adjustablebanking screw 12, while the jaw 11 is movable so that it may be manuallyset to provide any desired spacing between the jaw faces between whichthe matrix line, also composed to a corresponding length, is positionedin the usual manner for justifying the line before the casting operationtakes place. The application, however, of the full energy of thejustifying spring 8 against only one or two spacebands results in anexcessive expansion force which causes the vise jaws to spread andimposes an excessive driving pressure on the spacebands which oftencauses them to spring or bend.

As is well known to those skilled in the art and has been hereinbeforepointed out, the justification means heretofore used and employing asingle orsolid cross member to drive up all of the spacebands containedin the line is objectionable since the effective force applied to expandthe line will. be far less when the line contains a large number ofspacebands than when the line contains a lU-i few spacebands and when afew spacebands are contained in the line the expansive pressure exertedthereby on the line is excessive. This excessive or varyingjustification pressure produces varying lengths of lines and this isparticularly observ d in lining up vertical rule or column matter as intabular composition and printing.

To eliminate this objectionable condition, the solid ustification barusually employed is modified, according to the present invention, sothat it comprises a series of independently movable sections preferablyin" the form, of

flat rods 13 arran ed to slide verticall in gu1deways iormed 1n the 'topand bottom cross members 14, 14 rigldlysecure'd to rods 15, 15 by pins.The rods 13 are held in their guides by plates 16, 16 secured to thecross members 14, 14 and are bent angularly at the top and bottom, thebottom being bent back members 14, 14 secured thereto, form a rigidframewhich is mounted and guided for vertical movement in the usual lugs orextensions 20 at the bottom and midway up on the vise frame 1 and inwhich the vertical rods 15,-

15 are slidable. The top ends of the rods 13 are bent back over theupper cross member 14 to provide areas of sufficient size to receive thelower ends of the spaceband wedges, and are cut at an angle whichdeviates from a right angle to the length of the matrix line,

as clearly shown in Fig. 2, so that a spacehand such as S, Fig. 2, whichmay fall at the junction of two of the bars 13 will have a firm seat onthe top of both bars and not slip off the justification pressure isapplied and the bars 13 are driven upwardly. The lower plate 16 which issecured to the lower cross member 14 and servesto retain the bars 3 intheir lower guide, is provided with a shoe 21 which extends downwardlyto align with and to be engaged at its under side by the front end ofthe usual justification lever 9.

In the operation of the machine, the com-- posed matrix line containingmatrices M and spacebands S is presented before a selected: mold on themold wheel 7, the composed line being retained as usual in grooves ofthe jaws J of the first elevator The metal pot 5 is caused to advanceinthe usual manner to lock 1 up against the back of the mold, andjustification of the line then takes place through the rotation of thejustification cam C which allows the spring 8 to impartmotion to theusual justification lever 9, moving it inaccordance with the profile ofthe cam under control of the roller R which is urged against the cam bythe justification spring 8.

As the cam C revolves, the lever '9 moves upwardly under the forceexerted by the spring 8, and the forward end of this lever contacts withthe shoe 21 of the justification mechanism frame, causing the framecomprising guide rods 15, 15, cross members 14,

rise. The extent of upward movement ofthe frame produced by the upwardstroke of the lever 9 will always be the same,but the individualjustifier rods 13 will be obstructedagainst full upward movementwhenever the downwardly extending wedge members of the respectivespacebands directly above them are struck. The springs 18 are of equaltension, and when the justifier bars 13 contact with the respectivespaceband wedges, the corresponding springs 18 will expand as the framecontinues to move upwardly under the influence of lever 9. Any of thebars 13 which do not meet a spaceband will remain seated against thebottom edge of the lower cross member 14 under the normal tension oftheir respective springs 18.

In Fig. 4, the justifying frame is shown a after being raised by lever 9from normal pO'Sll'ilOll represented by the dotted lines, to

fully operated position represented'by the full lines. The j ustifierbars 13, with the exception of the two marked w, have contacted withspacebands and have driven the wedges 1 upwardly substantially equaldistances, the driving force against each spaceband being about equaland determinedby their respective springs 18 rather than by the drivingforce applied to the frame by the spring 8 and lever 9. i

' From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the usual justificationspring 8 need only be strong enough to lift the justification mechanismframe and overcome the combined tension ofthe springs18 when the latterare expanded to the maximum, that is, when a tight or very full composedline is being justi- V fied, under which condition the spaceband wedgescan only be driven up to a small extent because the lineis composed fullenough to approximately fill out the set space between the vise jaws. Itwill also be apparent that each spaceband is subjected to an equal andindividual driving force for moving the respective wedgeand-overcoming'friction between the wedge and sleeve members, so thatwhether one or several spacebands are present in the line, an equalpressure will be applied toeach for driving the wedge. Moreover, thetotal pressureacting to expand the line between the vise jaws will notexceed the sum of the pressures resulting fromthe individual springs 18,which is'not great enough to cause unduestrain and spreading ofthe visejaws. V I

As already pointed out, a line comprising ten spacebands acted upon inthe usual manner by a'single or' solid justification bar under theinfluence of eighty pounds would result j in a forceof approximatelyeight pounds per spaceband so that thesprings'llS for theconstructionherein described may be selected which will produce a pressure of abouteight pounds .each when expanded to a point 14, and ustifier rods 13'with springs 18, to'

where the tops of the bars 13 contact with the spaceband wedges.

I claim as my invention i I 1.- in a typographical machine having meansfor supporting a composed line of matrices and expansible spacebands,ustifyin means comprising a frame having cross mcm aers at its ends andguided to move toward said line, means for moving said frame in saiddirection, a plurality of relatively fiat justifying members extendinglongitudinally of said direction of movement of said frame and arrangedin a row edgewise to each other atone side of said cross members andguided thereon to move independently in said direction, said justifyingmembers having portions thereon beyond one of said cross members benttransversely toward the other side of the frame to independently engagedifferent spacebands in the line and having portions thereon beyond theother cross member bent transversely toward said other side of theframe, and means interposed between said frame and the lattertransversely bent portions on said justifying members and acting toforce said justifying members independently against different spacebandsin the line to expand them.

2. In a typographical machine having means for supporting a composedline of matrices and expansible spacebands, justifying means comprisinga plurality of justiying members having means for guiding them to moveindependently, one beside another, and for bringing them into engagementwith the spacebands in the line adj oining sides of said membersextending at an angle which deviates from a right angle to the length ofthe line, and means for forcing said members against the spacebands inthe line to expand them.

3. In a typographical machine having -means for supporting a composedline of matrices and expansible spacebands, justifying means comprisinga frame having means guiding it to move toward the line, a row ofjustifying members carried by said frame and guidedto move independentlyin the direction of movement thereof, said members having portionsthereon beyond one end of the frame to engage the different spacebandsin the line and having transversely extending portions thereon beyondthe other end ofthe frame, and tension springs connected to said frametoward the spaceband engaging ends of the justifying members and to saidtransversely extending portions of the respective justifying members andact- 7 ing on the latter to force them independently against thespacebands in the line to expand them.

t. In a typographical machine having means for supporting a composedline of matrices and expansible spacebands, justifying means comprisinga frame embodying spaced cross members and guided to move toward andfrom the line, means to act on said frame and move it toward the line, arow of rods mounted side by side in said frame and guided to moveindependently in m hand.

) SAMUEL E. SPERRY.

